Kids with autism can be extremely selective when it comes to eating. An estimated 46–89% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have feeding problems. ASD children struggle with sensory defensiveness, a need for routine and sameness, and visual overstimulation which makes expanding the palate difficult. However, there is often more to this equation that needs to be sorted out in order to get our kids eating healthy and whole foods.
In an earlier article we had discussed the connections of nutrition and autism in general: Nutrition in Autism: Scientific Approaches and Recommendations
In this article, we will discuss causes of picky eating and measures to correct it. Then, we will offer tips to get your child to try more foods.
Gastrointestinal Problems
Many autistic individuals also suffer from gastrointestinal issues, which may exacerbate feeding problems and further limit the types of foods they are willing or able to eat.And this can cause eating disorders.
Psychological and Emotional Factors
In addition to sensory and cognitive factors, emotional and psychological issues may also contribute to eating problems in autism. Research indicates that anxiety is a common comorbidity in autistic individuals, which can exacerbate picky eating and food-related anxiety.
Cognitive Rigidities and Ritualistic Behaviors
Cognitive rigidity, a hallmark of autism, can also play a role in eating problems. Individuals with ASD often show a preference for routines and rituals, which can manifest as rigid eating patterns. For example, they may:
• Require meals to be presented in a specific way.
• Eat only at certain times or in specific environments.
• Develop strong attachments to particular foods, leading to highly restrictive diets.
This type of behavior can cause eating disorders on autistic children too.
Sensory Processing Differences
One of the most studied contributors to eating difficulties in ASD is sensory processing differences. Many autistic individuals exhibit hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory stimuli, which can significantly affect food preferences. Food preferences can be belong to their childhood or adult lifetime experiences or may be traumas.This heightened sensitivity can lead to:
• Food Selectivity: A preference for certain textures, colors, or food presentations (e.g., only eating foods of a specific texture, color, or shape).
• Avoidance of Certain Foods: Due to their intense reactions to certain sensory experiences, individuals may avoid foods with strong tastes or odors.
And here is some advice for coping with eating disorders on autistic people.
• Timing Matters
* Practice eating in the morning or afternoon when the day’s sensory activities have not brought the child to exhaustion. Dinner-time can be particularly hard. Practice in a quiet environment with soft soothing music when the child is hungry.
• Small Amounts on Plate at a Time
* Put one thing on the plate at a time, so as not to visually over-stimulate the child. Add more as tolerated. Keep in mind that sometimes we need to break down the steps even further to help children with autism overcome issues related to picky eating. A feeding therapist can help with this.
• Use Salt
* Salt stimulates the salivary glands and makes you hungry. Starting a meal with something crunchy and salty can actually warm up the mouth and get it ready to eat. And most kids like salt. Adding it to veggies or other food can be very helpful. You can always pare back later if needed
• Use a Reward System
* A sticker chart works well. Work on one food every day until he or she will eat it consistently. Make sure the reward is attainable by setting goals that fit your child’s abilities. Take baby steps.
• “Smell it, Kiss it, Lick it”
*Kids usually decide if they like a food by the way it smells. Diffusing an essential oil while eating may trick the olfactory system.
Conclusion: A Journey of Patience and Understanding
As parents of children with autism, you are already familiar with the unique challenges they face. Picky eating is just one of those hurdles, often leaving families feeling overwhelmed and unsure of how to help their child develop healthier eating habits. But remember, this is a journey, and every small step forward is a victory. For more tips to feel better please refer to our guide for parents: Parenting a Child with Autism: Insights and Lessons from Our Journey with Families
It’s important to approach every challenge with patience, empathy, and a willingness to understand your child’s needs. Whether it’s working through sensory sensitivities, managing anxiety, or navigating rigid routines, the goal is to create a supportive environment where your child feels safe exploring new foods. It may take time, but with consistent encouragement, professional guidance, and lots of love, your child can learn to expand their palate.
You are not alone in this process. Many families with children on the autism spectrum face similar struggles, and together, by sharing experiences and solutions, we can support one another. Always celebrate the small wins, and never underestimate the progress your child can make over time.